中国散裂中子源靶体研制

中国散裂中子源(CSNS)靶体选用钨为靶材、钽为包覆层，采用包套法结合热等静压扩散焊工艺制备了钽包覆钨靶片。经检测，钨钽界面结合良好，钽层与钨基体平均结合强度大于64.07 MPa。靶体将钨靶片分成厚度不等的11片，散热采用一进一出的并行流结构，利用CFD软件进行了模拟计算，钨靶片间冷却流道间隙为1.2 mm，100 kW满功率运行情况下靶体最高温度为182.3 ℃，冷却水温升为7.1 ℃。经过半年多的试运行，CSNS靶体各参数满足CSNS的要求。     

γ射线和电子束辐照对风味豆干杀菌效果及品质的影响

为探究γ射线和电子束辐照对风味豆干微生物和理化指标影响的差异性，分别采用不同剂量的γ射线（0、3.1、5.9、8.6、11.4 kGy）和电子束（0、2.7、5.5、8.2、10.8 kGy）辐照风味豆干，研究其对风味豆干中微生物存活数、营养成分、理化指标及质构特性的影响。结果表明，γ射线和电子束辐照均能有效控制风味豆干菌落总数、霉菌及大肠菌群数，γ射线辐照杂菌和霉菌的D₁₀值分别为1.82 kGy和1.72 kGy，电子束辐照的D₁₀值分别为2.44 kGy和1.79 kGy，γ射线对风味豆干的杀菌效果强于电子束。两种辐照方式对风味豆干水分、蛋白和灰分的含量没有明显影响，但辐照后脂肪含量均显著降低。γ射线辐照后风味豆干氨基酸的含量无明显变化，但5.5 kGy剂量条件下，电子束辐照会对缬氨酸、苯丙氨酸、脯氨酸、甘氨酸、丙氨酸、酪氨酸等6种氨基酸的含量产生显著影响。γ射线辐照对风味豆干过氧化值有显著的影响，与酸价无明显的相关性；而电子束辐照与风味豆干过氧化值没有明显的相关性，但会引起其酸价显著上升。γ射线辐照不会对风味豆干硬度、内聚性、胶着性、咀嚼性和弹性产生显著影响，电子束辐照对其硬度、内聚性和胶着性的影响不显著，但5.5 kGy以上剂量辐照会对其咀嚼性和弹性产生显著的影响。综上所述，γ射线和电子束对风味豆干的辐照效应在某些方面存在一定的差异性，但均具有在豆干加工中应用的潜力，研究结果可为γ射线和电子束辐照技术在豆干加工中的应用提供理论依据。     

Study on element detection and its correction in iron ore concentrate based on a prompt gamma-neutron activation analysis system

A prompt gamma-neutron activation analysis(PGNAA) system was developed to detect the iron content of iron ore concentrate. Because of the self-absorption effect of gamma-rays and neutrons, and the interference of chlorine in the neutron field, the linear relationship between the iron analytical coefficient and total iron content was poor, increasing the error in the quantitative analysis. To solve this problem, gamma-ray self-absorption compensation and a neutron field correction algorithm were proposed, and the experimental results have been corrected using this algorithm. The results show that the linear relationship between the iron analytical coefficient and total iron content was considerably improved after the correction. The linear correlation coefficients reached 0.99 or more.     

A Study on Dual-Load-Zone Model of Overlying Strata and Evolution Law of Mining Stress

The changeable structure and movement law of overlying strata are the main contributor to the change of mining stress. Starting from the relevant theory of key stratum and particularly based on the theory of mine ground pressure and strata control, this research proposed a new solution to mining stress problems by establishing a dual-load-zone stratum structural model. Elastic foundation beam theory was used to solve the stress of overlying strata of the dual-load-zones with superposition method, which revised the traditional calculation method of mining stress. The abnormal increase of lead abutment pressure in the mining area was explained effectively, through which the evolution law of mining stress in the case of hard rock was obtained. The results indicate that mining stress experiences a drastic change within the range of 50 m ahead of the coal wall due to the collapse of main roof; under the influence of main key stratum and inferior key strata, the influence range of lead abutment pressure is extended up to approximately 120 m in the working face; this remarkable increase can be attributed to the excessive length of sagging zone. Results from both the dual-load-zone model experiment and field measurement demonstrate high consistency. The model can predict the influence range of abutment pressure effectively and thus guide the safety production of mining.     

Bioinspired Mechanically Robust Metal‐Based Water Repellent Surface Enabled by Scalable Construction of a Flexible Coral‐Reef‐Like Architecture

Mechanical robustness is a central concern for moving artificial superhydrophobic surfaces to application practices. It is believed that bulk hydrophilic materials cannot be use to construct micro/nanoarchitectures for superhydrophobicity since abrasion‐induced exposure of hydrophilic surfaces leads to remarkable degradation of water repellency. To address this challenge, the robust mechanical durability of a superhydrophobic surface with metal (hydrophilic) textures, through scalable construction of a flexible coral‐reef‐like hierarchical architecture on various substrates including metals, glasses, and ceramics, is demonstrated. Discontinuous coral‐reef‐like Cu architecture is built by solid‐state spraying commercial electrolytic Cu particles (15–65 µm) at supersonic particle velocities. Subsequent flame oxidation is applied to introduce a porous hard surface oxide layer. Owing to the unique combination of the flexible coral‐reef‐like architecture and self‐similar manner of the fluorinated hard oxide surface layer, the coating surface retains its water repellency with an extremely low roll‐off angle (<2°) after cyclic sand‐paper abrasion, mechanical bending, sand‐grit erosion, knife‐scratching, and heavy loading of simulated acid rain droplets. Strong adhesion to glass, ceramics, and metals up to 34 MPa can be achieved without using adhesive. The results show that the present superhydrophobic coating can have wide outdoor applications for self‐cleaning and corrosion protection of metal parts.     

弹性边界条件下弹性基础加筋板声辐射特性研究

本文以弹性边界条件下弹性基础加筋板为例，将弹性基础刚度，边界刚度计入总体刚度矩阵，建立了加筋板声辐射计算模型。讨论了弹性基础刚度，弹性基础作用范围，局部弹性基础位置，边界旋转刚度，边界支持刚度等对加筋板辐射声功率的影响，得到一些有意义的结论，为实际结构的声学性能计算提供参考。     

X射线荧光光谱法测定氧化铝中杂质含量的质量控制方法

为满足本公司生产需求,实验室采用X射线荧光光谱法(XRF)测定氧化铝中SiO₂、Fe₂O₃、Na₂O含量,而XRF检测结果的准确性取决于日常质量控制效果。工作中总结出一套以XRF设备分析原理为基础结合氧化铝中SiO₂、Fe₂O₃、Na₂O测定经验的有效质量控制方法,论述了质量控制计划制定的依据及质量控制方法选择的原则,从仪器设备检测状态控制、样品制备方法选择、XRF漂移校正、标准样品检测、方法比对、人员比对及留样再测等方面详细介绍了内部质量控制方法,同时运用实验室间比对及测量审核两种外部质量控制方法对内部质量控制效果进行检验。通过统计分析内外部质量控制数据,发现实验室用XRF测定粉末压片法制样的氧化铝中SiO₂、Fe₂O₃、Na₂O含量,检测结果准确可靠,证明质量控制方法有效。该套质量控制经验对于XRF测定其他材料中杂质元素含量的质量控制方法的建立同样具有参考借鉴意义。     

卷取温度对超低碳T-3CA第二相析出的影响

 为研究卷取温度对超低碳T-3 CA中第二相粒子析出行为的影响，采用金相、TEM等检测手段，分析了580、630、680 ℃ 3个典型卷取温度下超低碳T 3 CA中第二相粒子的析出特性，结果发现卷取温度越高，热轧形成的TiC粒子尺寸越粗大，分布越稀疏。结合相关动力学计算分析了卷取温度对TiC粒子沉淀析出时临界晶核尺寸、相对形核率、相对沉淀析出时间的影响。结果表明，随着卷取温度由580提高到680 ℃，TiC粒子沉淀析出时临界晶核尺寸增大约1.0 nm，相对形核率降低约1.0个数量级，相对沉淀析出孕育时间增大约0.8个数量级。     

基于CSC方法的钢铁行业节能减排技术潜力分析

为了研究中国钢铁行业的节能减排潜力，以35项钢铁行业先进节能减排技术为研究对象，建立节能供应曲线(Conservation Supply Curve，简称CSC)模型，分析影响钢铁行业的节能减排收益、成本效益以及钢铁生产流程工序层面的节能减排潜力因素。结果表明，这35项技术全部应用可实现3.01 GJ/t的节能量以及398.22 kg/t的CO2减排量。将结果与第十三个五年计划推广技术作对比，在当前情况下，约有50%的推广技术并不符合成本效益；运用CSC模型进行了钢铁生产流程工序层面的节能减排潜力研究，得到各个工序的节能量和减排量，并据此分析了各项技术未来的发展趋势和应用前景。